{"id":3813,"date":"2025-05-09T07:26:11","date_gmt":"2025-05-09T07:26:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/kliimamuutuste-haridus\/"},"modified":"2025-10-02T08:16:31","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T08:16:31","slug":"climate-change-education","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/en\/climate-change-education\/","title":{"rendered":"Climate Change Education"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"3813\" class=\"elementor elementor-3813 elementor-1712\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b8ec2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b1b8ec2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9110c96 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9110c96\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e51a03 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3e51a03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Climate Change Education<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f3adc8b de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f3adc8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Climate change affects the natural environment around us and human society. Coping with and mitigating climate change begins with climate awareness: understanding the causes of global warming and knowing how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in everyday life and prepare for climate change. The Climate Research Centre considers it essential to link knowledge creation and sharing, being Estonia\u2019s climate research centre that provides the best information related to climate and climate change.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fce05a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1fce05a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81d88cd de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"81d88cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240603_154007\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYwOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNjAzXzE1NDAwNy5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3608\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154007.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed81c3 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eed81c3\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea06f49 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ea06f49\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01765e0 elementor-hidden-tablet de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"01765e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Raising Climate Awareness in Society<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d31af9 elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-mobile de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d31af9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Raising Climate Awareness in Society<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bd664aa de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd664aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The project &#8220;<em>Climate Awareness from School to Society: Empowering Children, Youth, and Teachers to Reduce the Impacts of Climate Change<\/em>&#8221; raised climate awareness in Estonian society through the development of systematic and science-based climate education at all levels of education to support climate change mitigation and adaptation.<\/p><p>The teaching materials created during the project can be found at <span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span  ate-chip ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span\" data-segment=\"gid_0\" data-type=\"g\"><span class=\"sc-imWYAI hXteRa\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kliimatarkused.ut.ee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--link ate-chip ate-chip--compact\" data-segment=\"gid_1\" data-type=\"g\">https:\/\/kliimatarkused.ut.ee\/<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/span>The most comprehensive of these is the teaching material &#8220;The ABC of Climate Change,&#8221; compiled by researchers from our center in collaboration with other Estonian researchers. It is intended for all teachers and older schoolchildren, but is also suitable for anyone interested in obtaining reliable information about climate change based on the latest scientific findings. <a href=\"https:\/\/kliimatarkused.ut.ee\/kliimamuutuste-abc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span  ate-chip ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span\" data-segment=\"gid_2\" data-type=\"g\"><span class=\"sc-imWYAI hXteRa\"><span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--link ate-chip ate-chip--compact\" data-segment=\"gid_4\" data-type=\"g\">https:\/\/kliimatarkused.ut.ee\/kliimamuutuste-abc\/<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a9341d elementor-hidden-desktop elementor-hidden-tablet elementor-hidden-mobile de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a9341d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">((koolidele ja \u00fcldsusele m\u00f5eldud e-\u00f5ppematerjalid, interaktiivsed kursused ja m\u00e4ngulised lahendused)\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(blogid, podcastid, artiklid ja sotsiaalmeedia kaudu levitatav teadusp\u00f5hine info kliimamuutuste kohta.) SIIA LISAME LINGID<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eaad82a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"eaad82a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-803a79a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"803a79a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4ba895 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"c4ba895\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240424_103136 (1)\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYwOSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNDI0XzEwMzEzNi0xLmpwZyJ9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3609\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240424_103136-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-491f136 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"491f136\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db565f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"db565f8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b2dd7f de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6b2dd7f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Courses offered by our center at the University of Tartu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-128e454 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"128e454\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We support university education by contributing to the curricula of various faculties at the University of Tartu through courses and seminars on climate change that combine natural sciences, social sciences, and technological solutions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-15341a3 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"15341a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;multiple&quot;,&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2220\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2220\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Subjects we offer <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2220\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8a1a8f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e8a1a8f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fc7ebd de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fc7ebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LTFY.05.003\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atmospheric and Climate Sciences (6 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LTFY.05.008\/version\/c577a680-7933-2cee-7c02-b67865fadf34\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guide to Climate Science and Policy (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.026\/version\/3c3bf326-0f6a-2801-9eff-b9c31322d39e\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Meteorology Practicum (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.006\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Physical Fundamentals of Environmental Monitoring (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.032\/version\/d41209e2-2b9d-b4be-d1b6-d823a1e739eb\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Air Pollution Monitoring Management (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.024\/version\/58f3e356-0c38-6bea-dbc8-4315a533b7e1\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basics of Environmental Physics I (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.025\/version\/5f07a4c8-2535-60c7-718b-e3a675bb0a64\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Basics of Environmental Physics II (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.049\/version\/1fbc53d3-347a-c2a5-0c44-582f5464bea6\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Applied Hydrodynamics (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.05.004\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Physics (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LTFY.05.004\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Environmental Physics Project (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LTFY.05.005\/version\/ad8ebc98-2920-5874-3c7e-c3e1bc82d6cc\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Advanced Atmospheric Sciences (5 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/ois2.ut.ee\/#\/courses\/LOFY.01.039\/version\/3dee6f15-9f03-271f-7058-3c752bae3e44\/details\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Processing of Measurement Results (3 ECTS)<\/a><br><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcebb94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dcebb94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-933b2cb de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"933b2cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240603_153948\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYxMCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNjAzXzE1Mzk0OC5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3610\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_153948.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d18dab5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d18dab5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1c9aad9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1c9aad9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9dca4ca de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9dca4ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Thesis topics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2607594 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"2607594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-3980\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-3980\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Refining the Impact of Human Activity on Climate <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-3980\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-74c639b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"74c639b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bb73ab elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bb73ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We have discovered an entirely new physical mechanism showing how, in addition to greenhouse gases, human activity warms the Earth\u2019s climate (Figure A). The project investigates observational evidence of how human-made aerosol particles cause cloud droplets to freeze into ice and snow. Freezing reduces the number of clouds and thus contributes to warming the Earth\u2019s climate. The data comes from satellite observations and is analyzed using Python in the supercomputing environment at the University of <span class=\"error-spellcheck\" data-word=\"Tartu\" data-suggestion=\"Tart|Tarts|Tartary|Tartuffe|Artur|Artus|Tart u\">Tartu<\/span>.<\/p><p>This work helps better understand a previously poorly understood component of human-induced climate impact: the effect of aerosol particles on cloud freezing (Toll et al. 2024; <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adl0303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span  ate-chip ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--span\" data-segment=\"gid_0\" data-type=\"g\"><span class=\"sc-imWYAI hXteRa\"><span class=\"sc-jXbUNg cZwDpK AT-ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--link  ate-chip ate-chip--compact ate-chip--marker ate-chip--link\" data-segment=\"gid_1\" data-type=\"g\">DOI: 10.1126\/science.adl0303<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>). The broader goal is to refine the strength of human climate impact to enable more reliable future climate predictions than currently possible.<\/p><p>About the project in media<\/p><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1609521331\/ohusaaste-tekitab-lund-ja-vahendab-pilvede-hulka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1609521331\/ohusaaste-tekitab-lund-ja-vahendab-pilvede-hulka<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1609521331\/ohusaaste-tekitab-lund-ja-vahendab-pilvede-hulka\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1609521331\/ohusaaste-tekitab-lund-ja-vahendab-pilvede-hulka<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2024\/11\/14\/industrial-pollution-ice-altering-clouds-snow\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawMiCUdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHqdGrOa0kIZIJAdsEzrOj-bwbHcWARPWw8YK_Dp9zO0JYkW0YV-XbUuUr_b6_aem_iLHa4Ov_eYL3FYFmfEwZrQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2024\/11\/14\/industrial-pollution-ice-altering-clouds-snow\/?fbclid=IwY2xjawMiCUdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHqdGrOa0kIZIJAdsEzrOj-bwbHcWARPWw8YK_Dp9zO0JYkW0YV-XbUuUr_b6_aem_iLHa4Ov_eYL3FYFmfEwZrQ<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2024\/11\/14\/industrial-pollution-ice-altering-clouds-snow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/climate-environment\/2024\/11\/14\/industrial-pollution-ice-altering-clouds-snow\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2456202-plumes-of-pollution-from-big-factories-can-make-it-snow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2456202-plumes-of-pollution-from-big-factories-can-make-it-snow\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2456202-plumes-of-pollution-from-big-factories-can-make-it-snow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.newscientist.com\/article\/2456202-plumes-of-pollution-from-big-factories-can-make-it-snow\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Suitable for both bachelor\u2019s and master\u2019s theses. Supervisor: Velle Toll <a href=\"mailto:velle.toll@ut.ee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">velle.toll@ut.ee<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d525cbb de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"d525cbb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2230\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2230\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> The effect of aerosols on clouds in heavily polluted industrial regions: detection of polluted clouds from satellite images <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2230\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12a1007 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"12a1007\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e159f24 elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e159f24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Human activity affects cloud properties and, through them, the global climate. Unfortunately, the impact of human activity on clouds has not yet been accurately determined. Comparing the properties of polluted and unpolluted clouds using satellite measurements creates new opportunities to better quantify the climate impact of human activity. This work applies various image processing methods to distinguish between polluted and unpolluted clouds from satellite images. The success of image processing methods of varying complexity in detecting polluted clouds is compared, and the differences in the optical properties of detected polluted and unpolluted clouds are calculated. Programming skills will be developed during the project. The topic serves as a good introduction to the field of modern satellite measurements and climate change.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The project in public media<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2019-08-pollution-wont-global-spike.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/phys.org\/news\/2019-08-pollution-wont-global-spike.html<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u202f\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/965947\/ohusaastatuse-vahendamine-ei-hoogusta-gl%E2%80%A6\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/965947\/ohusaastatuse-vahendamine-ei-hoogusta-gl\u2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1608354707\/inimtekkeline-saaste-vahendas-uleilmset-temperatuuritousu-pool-kraadi&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/novaator.err.ee\/1608354707\/inimtekkeline-saaste-vahendas-uleilm\u2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for both Bachelor&#8217;s and Master&#8217;s thesis. Supervisor: Velle Toll\u202f<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">velle.toll@ut.ee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4db0ab5 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"4db0ab5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-8140\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-8140\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Fine particles in Estonia\u2019s air in February 2025 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-8140\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9dc64a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a9dc64a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28c4339 elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"28c4339\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the last week of February 2025, Estonia&#8217;s air contained a high concentration of fine particles (PM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">10<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and especially ultrafine particles (PM<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2.5<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). We have not seen such persistently high levels in years. Elevated concentrations in the air were measured by the national monitoring stations operated by the Estonian Environmental Research Centre (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ohuseire.ee\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/ohuseire.ee\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">) and forecasted by the CAMS air quality modelling system (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/policy.atmosphere.copernicus.eu\/daily\/country-contribution\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/policy.atmosphere.copernicus.eu\/daily\/country-contribution\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Preliminary analysis shows that CAMS was generally able to predict the significantly elevated pollution levels, which were caused partly by local emissions in Estonia and partly by long-range transport from Central Europe. However, the predicted timing was inaccurate in detail. The aim of this work is to investigate the causes of these inaccuracies, including conducting new simulations with the SILAM atmospheric dispersion model.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sofiev, M., Vira, J., Kouznetsov, R., Prank, M., Soares, J., and Genikhovich, E.: Construction of the SILAM Eulerian atmospheric dispersion model based on the advection algorithm of Michael Galperin, Geosci. Model Dev., 8, 3497\u20133522, https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5194\/gmd-8-3497-2015, 2015.\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/gmd.copernicus.org\/articles\/8\/3497\/2015\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/gmd.copernicus.org\/articles\/8\/3497\/2015\/<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervisor: Marko Kaasik (<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">marko.kaasik@ut.ee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)\u202f\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5fd6202 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"5fd6202\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Correction of the vertical profile of radar reflectivity <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1000\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-20c2ecc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"20c2ecc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-13e646d elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"13e646d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">With a meteorological C-band radar, it is possible to measure precipitation amounts with high temporal and spatial resolution. However, its accuracy varies significantly under different conditions. One source of this variability is the different phases of precipitation, which greatly affect the radar signal&#8217;s reflectivity. Typically, at our latitude and in every season, precipitation is in solid form at higher altitudes, which means low reflectivity for the radar. During warmer periods, a layer appears where solid particles begin to melt, causing a sudden increase in reflectivity. The aim of this thesis is to test and analyze various open-source vertical profile correction algorithms and their parameters based on multiple case studies. The data used will be the operational data from the Estonian Environment Agency&#8217;s Harku and S\u00fcrgavere radars from 2010 onwards. One comparison baseline will be the comparison of radar-based precipitation totals with ground-based weather station measurements. At least three of the following methods should be compared:<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.wradlib.org\/en\/latest\/vpr.html&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/docs.wradlib.org\/en\/latest\/vpr.html&amp;nbsp<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pyart-mch.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/generated\/pyart.correct.correct_vpr.html#pyart.correct.correct_vpr&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pyartmch.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/generated\/pyart.correct.corr\u2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/pyart-mch.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/generated\/pyart.correct.correct_vpr_spatialised.html#pyart.correct.correct_vpr_spatialised\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/pyartmch.readthedocs.io\/en\/latest\/generated\/pyart.correct.corr\u2026<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for both Bachelor&#8217;s and Master&#8217;s thesis. Supervisors: Tanel Voormansik <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tanel.voormansik@ut.ee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Jorma Rahu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jorma.rahu@ut.ee<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69844ca de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"69844ca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1100\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1100\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Estimation of precipitation amounts from radar during the winter period <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1100\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-360e352 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"360e352\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a18208 elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1a18208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">To calculate precipitation intensity (symbol R, unit mm\/h) from radar-measured reflectivity (symbol Z, unit dBZ), empirical Z-R relationships are used, which depend on radar specifications and regional climatology. While determining rainfall intensity using radar is already relatively accurate, the relationships between reflectivity and snowfall have been less studied and are rarely applied in practice. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the accuracy of different relationships based on data from Estonian radars (C-band weather radars in Harku and S\u00fcrgavere operated by the Estonian Environment Agency) compared to ground-based precipitation gauges, and to find the best relationship that improves the accuracy of precipitation estimation compared to the currently used one.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Introductory reading:<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"http:\/\/www.pa.op.dlr.de\/erad2014\/programme\/ExtendedAbstracts\/036_Saltikoff.pdf&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">http:\/\/www.pa.op.dlr.de\/erad2014\/programme\/ExtendedAbstracts\/036_Saltik\u2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span>\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/helda.helsinki.fi\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/49eaab06-a6d4-4c22-9d0a-37c84a469358\/content&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/helda.helsinki.fi\/server\/api\/core\/bitstreams\/49eaab06-a6d4-4c22\u2026<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for both Bachelor&#8217;s and Master&#8217;s thesis. Supervisors: Tanel Voormansik <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tanel.voormansik@ut.ee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Jorma Rahu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jorma.rahu@ut.ee<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-deb57f5 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"deb57f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Creation of a PseudoCAPPI product from raw radar data <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2330\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7691b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b7691b6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6256fb elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b6256fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A meteorological radar with a parabolic antenna measures reflections by scanning the atmosphere at different elevation angles (a scan at a single elevation angle is called a PPI). Since this data field varies in height depending on the distance from the radar, the nature of the reflections also differs. For example, at low elevation angles near the radar, there are often many ground echoes. Therefore, many applications require a radar product that shows reflectivity at a constant height (or at the closest possible height, since it is not feasible to scan the entire atmosphere uniformly this way). The goal of this thesis is to develop a high-quality and computationally efficient method for calculating PseudoCAPPI that can be used in operational applications. The method can be based on publicly available open-source solutions such as <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/fmidev.github.io\/rack\/productspage.html&amp;nbsp\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/fmidev.github.io\/rack\/productspage.html&amp;nbsp<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">; <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.wradlib.org\/en\/latest\/generated\/wradlib.vpr.PseudoCAPPI.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/docs.wradlib.org\/en\/latest\/generated\/wradlib.vpr.PseudoCAPPI.ht\u2026<\/span><\/a><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An example of the PseudoCAPPI generation principle.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for both Bachelor&#8217;s and Master&#8217;s thesis. Supervisors: Tanel Voormansik <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tanel.voormansik@ut.ee<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and Jorma Rahu <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">jorma.rahu@ut.ee<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71898ef de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"71898ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1190\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1190\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Description of Estonia\u2019s past climate based on observational data <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1190\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6545d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c6545d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-694af5b elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"694af5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Climate change can be studied on a global scale, but at smaller spatial scales, the changes take on distinct local characteristics. This thesis uses pan-European datasets to describe shifts in temperature, precipitation, and other climate characteristics in Estonia over the past 70 years based on observational time series. The research includes data collection, statistical analysis, and spatial data visualization. The supercomputer of the University of Tartu\u2019s High Performance Computing Center is available for data processing. During the project, students can further develop their existing basic programming skills and acquire statistical analysis skills.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Suitable for both Bachelor&#8217;s and Master&#8217;s thesis.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervisor: Hannes Keernik <\/span><a href=\"mailto:hannes.keernik@ut.ee\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">hannes.keernik@ut.ee<\/span><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c282664 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"c282664\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2030\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2030\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> New future climate projections for Estonia <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2030\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4d4a55 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b4d4a55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e994ff elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e994ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sea level rise, global temperature increase, and the growing frequency of extreme weather events are climate changes that are already present today. But how will these global changes affect Estonia&#8217;s future climate? What are the future climate-related risks in Estonia? To answer these questions, global changes must be translated into local changes and their impacts on nature and society must be assessed. Global climate changes and their possible impacts and consequences are described in the reports of the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Local future climate changes can be analyzed in more detail by applying global model projections to the Estonian region. This includes calculating specific indices such as the number of hot or cold days or the number of extreme precipitation events by the end of this century. Through such indices, it is possible to assess the impacts of these changes on human health, ecosystems, and infrastructure. It is important to evaluate how Estonia will be affected by global changes in the future and how to reduce these risks.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Student expectations: Students from natural and exact sciences (e.g. physics, chemistry and materials science, geology and environmental technology, mathematics and statistics, computer science, or geography) are welcome, as well as students from social sciences who are interested in climate change and climate research.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The specific work depends on the student\u2019s interests and skills. It can be a computational data analysis or a qualitative study.<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Supervisor: Piia Post <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">piia.post@ut.ee<\/span>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-107868e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"107868e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2df9262 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2df9262\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b743b4 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"9b743b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240603_154001\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNjAzXzE1NDAwMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3611\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b335a2b e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b335a2b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed21aec e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ed21aec\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11547e9 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"11547e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Defended Theses<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd5e9c4 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"dd5e9c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-2320\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-2320\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Defended doctoral theses since 2015 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-2320\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cc8c32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5cc8c32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64489dc elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64489dc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"thesis-title\">1. Novel insights into aerosol-cloud interactions by analysing the temporal evolution of strong anthropogenic cloud perturbations<\/span><br \/>Jorma Rahu. Tartu, 2025. 85 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">2. Long-term datasets of dual-polarisation weather radar help detect and nowcast convective storms, including extreme precipitation, lightning, and hail<\/span><br \/>Tanel Voormansik. Tartu, 2023. 124 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">3. Polluted clouds at air pollution hot spots help to better understand anthropogenic impacts on Earth\u2019s climate<\/span><br \/>Heido Trofimov. Tartu, 2022. 96 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">4. Dependence of UV radiation on climate factors. Reconstruction of UV doses in Estonia for past years<\/span><br \/>Margit Aun. Tartu, 2017. 124 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">5. Direct radiative impacts of atmospheric aerosols on meteorological conditions over Europe<\/span><br \/>Velle Toll. Tartu, 2016. 148 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">6. Development of Broadband Aerosol Optical Depth Models<\/span><br \/>Martin Kannel. Tartu, 2016. 168 p.<\/p><p><span class=\"thesis-title\">7. Estimating methods and variability of atmospheric humidity over the Baltic Region and the Arctic<\/span><br \/>Hannes Keernik. Tartu, 2015. 105 p.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-016ab87 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"016ab87\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;all_collapsed&quot;,&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:300,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1480\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n\t\t\t\t<summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1480\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Defended master's theses since 2015 <\/div><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-opened' ><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-minus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h384c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class='e-closed'><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plus\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 208H272V64c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32h-32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v144H32c-17.67 0-32 14.33-32 32v32c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h144v144c0 17.67 14.33 32 32 32h32c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32V304h144c17.67 0 32-14.33 32-32v-32c0-17.67-14.33-32-32-32z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span>\n\t\t<\/span>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/summary>\n\t\t\t\t<div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1480\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bfc72d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0bfc72d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0a2e77 elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b0a2e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"thesis-title\">1. The impact of climate change on heat energy demand in Northern Europe and Estonia<\/span>\nJaan Matt. 2024. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">2. The impact of anthropogenic aerosols on clouds at industrial air pollution hot spots: polluted cloud tracks<\/span>\nSyed Abbas Ali Zaidi. 2024. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">3. Short-duration precipitation extremes in Estonia<\/span>\nIndrek Kaarel Romet. 2024. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">4. Rural background air quality in Estonia during Covid-19 restrictions<\/span>\nAmeke Ameke Okoroafor. 2024. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">5. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on outdoor air quality in Estonia and Latvia, a comparative study<\/span>\nAbimbola Opakunle. 2024. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">6. Standardizing Estonian technical vocabulary using the climate field as an example<\/span>\nMariliis Kolk. 2023. Estonian University of Life Sciences.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">7. Dynamics of N2O concentrations in the stratosphere based on Aura satellite data<\/span>\nSilver P\u00f5lgaste. 2023. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">8. Polluted clouds at air pollution hot spots help to better understand anthropogenic impacts on Earth&#8217;s climate<\/span>\nHeido Trofimov. 2022. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">9. The impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation on seasonal shifts in the Baltic Sea region<\/span>\nSulev T\u00f5kke. 2021. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">10. Climate of short-term precipitation extremes in Estonia<\/span>\nSaara-Liis Lutsar. 2021. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">11. Using the optical flow method to improve the temporal resolution of radar observations<\/span>\nJorma Rahu. 2018. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">12. Sentinel-2\/MSI applications for European Union Water Framework Directive reporting purposes<\/span>\nAve Ansper. 2018. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">13. Validation of longwave radiation data from major atmospheric reanalysis models in the Baltic Sea region<\/span>\nAnnika Velt. 2018. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">14. NO2 and SO2 concentrations in outdoor air in the city of Otep\u00e4\u00e4<\/span>\nTerje Tammekivi. 2018. Tallinn University of Technology.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">15. Application of a terrestrial vegetation primary production model based on radiation use efficiency in Python<\/span>\nMattias Rennel. 2017. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">16. Analysis of suitable seasons for optical remote sensing of land surface and water bodies in Estonia based on METEOSAT satellite cloud data<\/span>\nMaanus Kullamaa. 2015. University of Tartu.<br><br>\n\n<span class=\"thesis-title\">17. Recurrence periods of precipitation extremes in Estonia<\/span>\nJ\u00fcri Kamenik. 2015. University of Tartu.<br><br>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/details>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39dcd30 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"39dcd30\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-035b291 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"035b291\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3270941 de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"3270941\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240603_154001\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzYxMSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNjAzXzE1NDAwMS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3611\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240603_154001.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-52a32e4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"52a32e4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f91fdcc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f91fdcc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ccfa9b de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ccfa9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">We Support Science-Based Politics<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d982c1 elementor-widget__width-inherit de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0d982c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"p1\">We train policymakers and organize public lectures and discussions to raise awareness about climate policy and promote science-based public dialogue for developing more effective solutions.\u00a0<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Training for policymakers<\/span> (seminars aimed at officials and decision-makers to raise awareness of climate policy and support the development of more effective solutions)<\/p><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Public lectures and discussions<\/span> (societal debates and dialogues involving scientists, journalists, and activists)<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f732785 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f732785\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dff221b de_scroll_animation_no elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"dff221b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019.jpg\" data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"20240425_091019\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MzU4NiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2tsaWltYS51dC5lZVwvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyNVwvMDhcLzIwMjQwNDI1XzA5MTAxOS5qcGcifQ%3D%3D\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019-768x576.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-3586\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/20240425_091019.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Climate Change Education Climate change affects the natural environment around us and human society. Coping with and mitigating climate change begins with climate awareness: understanding the causes of global warming and knowing how to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in everyday life and prepare for climate change. The Climate Research Centre considers it essential to link [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3813","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Climate Change Education | T\u00dc kliimauuringute keskus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00d5ppematerjalid ja kursused: Kliimamuutuste ABC, kliimatarkused.ut.ee ja T\u00dc ainekavad. Toetame \u00f5petajaid ja \u00f5pilasi praktiliste vahenditega.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kliima.ut.ee\/en\/climate-change-education\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Climate Change Education | T\u00dc kliimauuringute keskus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00d5ppematerjalid ja kursused: Kliimamuutuste ABC, kliimatarkused.ut.ee ja T\u00dc ainekavad. 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